| Experience the beauty
of the Annapurna region of Nepal by Julien
Annapurna Travel guide
 The
Annapurna region lies in central Nepal. Named after the Hindu goddess Annapurna
(the bestower of food), who is regarded as a manifestation of goddess Parvati,
the consort of Lord Shiva. The chief mountains in this region include the
Dhaulagiri, Annapurna and Manaslu Himal. The Annapurna Himal, which lies
between the Kali Gandaki and Marsyangdi river valley, forms a solid mountain
bastion. It covers a distance of 40 miles and encompasses within its range
some twelve peaks that rise to an elevation of more than 7000m and numerous
other lesser peaks.
Climate, Flora & Fauna
The climate in the Annapurna
region varies from subtropical to alpine. The southern slopes of the area
has the highest rainfall rate in the country- 3000mm per year, whereas
the northern slopes lying in the rain shadow has the lowest rate - less
than 300mm per year. The difference in the climatic conditions in this
region is responsible for its varied flora and fauna. The Annapurna region
possesses a variety of flora and fauna. It stretches from the subtropical
lowlands and the high temperate rhododendron forest in the south, to a
dry alpine steppe environment in the North. The Southern lowlands are lush
with subtropical forests consisting of chirpine and alder. In the Northern
highlands temperate forests of oaks, rhododendron, fir, and blue pine are
found. The wet regions yield a variety of bamboo species. The higher altitude
further North give rise to forests of birch, blue pine and juniper trees,
which are replaced by juniper and rhododendron in the far North. In the
semi-desert rain shadow region, behind the Himalayas, bushes of caragana
and juniper species are evident. It has several species of wildlife. There
are around four hundred and seventy-four species of birds, and around a
hundred species of mammals. The Annapurna region serves as an excellent
habitat for rare and endangered mammals like the snow leopard, musk deer,
blue sheep, red panda and many of Nepal's brilliantly plumaged pheasants
 Annapurna
peaks
The Annapurna massif contains
six major peaks over 7,200 m: Annapurna I(8091m), Annapurna II(7937m),
Annapurna III(7555m), Annapurna IV(7525m), Gangapurna(7455m) and Annapurna
South(7219m). Annapurna I, standing at a height of 8,091 m, is the tenth
highest summit in the world. It is located east of a great gorge cut through
the Himalaya by the Kali Gandaki River, which separates it from the Dhaulagiri
massif Annapurna was the first 8000m peak scaled by a climber. Till 1948,
Nepal was closed to all foreigners. It was in the year 1949 that the kingdom
opened its doors to mountaineers .In that year two foreign teams received
permission to enter the country, one Swiss and another American. In 1950,
a French mountaineering team led by Maurice Herzog succeeded in climbing
Annapurna, an 8000m peak. They had no information about the peak they would
climb. With little or no information, they decided to take on the Annapurna.
On 3rd June, Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenel reached the summit of Annapurna
I, after climbing for eight hours. They had to suffer from severe frostbite
which cost Maurice Herzog his toes and fingers. Herzog has written about
the climb in his book The Conquest of Annapurna 1950.
In 1957 Wilfred Noyce and
David Cox climbed Machapuchhre (6997m) to within 50m of its summit. After
this attempt, the government prohibited further climbing on the mountain
.So technically Machapuchre remains unclimbed.
Annapurna II, the
eastern anchor of the range, was first climbed in 1960 by a British/Indian/Nepalese
team led by Jimmy Roberts, via the West Ridge, approached from the north.
Annapurna III was first climbed in 1961 by an Indian expedition team led
by Mohan Kohli. The summit party comprised Mohan Kohli, Sonam Gyatso, and
Sonam Girmi. They climbed from the Northeast Face.
Tharpu Chuli (Tent Peak),
shaped like a tent, at 5663m is an ideal peak for a short expedition. Lying
across the Annapurna glacier, the peak offers excellent views of its neighbouring
peaks from its summit. Pisang Peak (6091m) forms part of the Manang Himal.
Towering above the Marshyangdi valley, this peak was first ascended by
J.Wellenkamp, a German climber, in 1955.The start of the ascent to this
peak starts at a village which shares its name: Pisang.
Machhapuchhare (fish tail)
(3700m) Machhapuchre lies in the center of the Annapurna Himal. Machhapuchhre
possesses the rare beauty that makes it one of the world's most photographed
peaks. Poon Hill(3193m)is the westernmost crest of a spur that juts into
the Kali Gandaki. The hill is named after the Magars called Poon, who live
in that area. To watch the sunrise over the Dhaulagiri and Annapurna Himal
from this hill is an experience of a lifetime.
People & Places
The Gurungs form the largest
group in the Annapurna region. They come from Tibeto burman stock. Although
essentially Buddhists some Gurungs have converted to Hinduism. They inhabit
the higher northern slopes of the Annapurna, Lamjung,Chuli and hills around
Ganesh Himal. A large number of Gurung men serve in the British and Indian
armies. The immediate vicinity of Pokhara is largely populated by Chettris
and Bahuns (Brahmins).They also live around the historic site of the old
Gorkha kingdom. The Magars inhabit the lower trail between Baglung and
Dana. They live high on the steep ridges along the tributaries of the Kali
Gandaki.
Another ethnic group of this
region is the Thakalis. Known throughout the country as accomplished hoteliers
and skilled traders, they are noted for their aggressive trading spirit.
They make up one of the few richer groups of people in Nepal. The Jomsom
trek passes through Thak Khola, the Thakali homeland.
In the valley of the Muktinath
live the Baragaun Bhotiya. Their lifestyle is similar to that of the Tibetans.
Another group of people who share a close affinity to the Tibetans are
the Lopa people of Mustang, north of Kagbeni. Some of them practice the
ancient pre-Buddhist religion of Bon which is infused with animistic and
shamanic belief and ritual. The people living in the upper Marshyandi valley
are generally known as Mananges. The Nyeshang area, under which fall the
villages of Manang, Braga and Ngawal. The people are of Tibetan origin.
But their language Nyeshang is not a Tibetan dialect. This area is popularly
known by the name of its largest village Manang.
Pokhara [827m] Pokhara
is the main town in central Nepal. It is the starting place of most of
the major treks in the Annapurna region. Situated at an altitude of 827m,
it is warmer and humid than Kathmandu. This town is known for its picturesque
spots like the Phewa Tal(lake), on whose clear water you can see the reflection
of the Mt.Machhapuchhre and the Annapurna Himal, Rara Lake and Begnas Lake.
Pokhara is one of the major travel destinations in Nepal.
Muktinath [3,710m]
Muktinath, a sacred place both for Hindus as well as Buddhists, is located
at an altitude of 3,710 m at the foot of the Thorong La pass in Mustang
district. The Hindus call the place Mukti Kshetra, which means the "the
place of salvation", while the Buddhists call it Chumig Gyatsa, Tibetan
for 'Hundred Waters'. For Tibetan Buddhists Chumig Gyatsa is a place of
Dakinis, goddesses known as Sky Dancers. Jwala Mai Temple, Vishnu Temple,
Marme Lhakhang and Gompa Sarwa are some of the religious shrines to visit.
The springs from the Gandaki River spurts out of the 108 waterspouts near
the Vishnu temple, from where the Hindu pilgrims take ritual bathe. One
item that is unique to this place is the Saligrams (Ammonite fossils).
These are black stones that when broken open, reveal the fossilized remains
of prehistoric ammonites formed about 130 million years ago. The old specks
that appear on many saligram are pyrite (fool's gold). Hindus believe that
the saligrams represent the god Vishnu.
 Jomsom
[2713m]
Jomsom serves as the centre for Mustang valley. It lies on the banks of
the Kali Gandaki River. There is an airstrip here with scheduled service
to Kathmandu. The increase in the frequency of flights has brought more
tourists to this area. Jomsom has a bank, post office, telecom office,
a hospital and numerous hotels and lodges.
Manang [3520m] The
Manang area was only recently opened to trekkers .The dry and arid region
of Manang called Nyeshang lies at an altitude of 3520m. There is an abundance
of large chortens and mani walls .The people of Nyeshang were granted special
trading privileges by the King of Nepal hundred years ago. The businessmen
from these parts are reputed to be both keen and astute. The tall peaks
of the Himalaya - Annapurna II, Annapurna III, Annapurna IV, Gangapurna
[7455m] and Tilicho Peak [7134m] are visible from this place. There is
also a Himalayan Rescue Association [HRA] aid post in the village which
makes an interesting and educational visit.
The Major Treks
Royal Trek: This is
a magnificent trek stretching across two different river valleys. It encircles
the Annapurna massif and goes through the Thorong La [5416 m.] the highest
pass on this trek. The trek begins at Besisahar in the Marsyangdi river
valley and finally concludes at Kali Gandaki river valley. This is a moderate
to challenging trek which sometime requires a walk up the steep mountain
path. This trek can be done anytime of the year except during monsoon and
winter.
Ghorepani Trek: This
trek is well suited for beginners or for those who have limited time. The
trek starts from Phedi. The trail passes through rhododendron forest and
traditional Gurung villages. A comparatively easy trek, it takes you up
to an elevation of 2775 m at Ghorepani. The trip can be done anytime of
the year except during monsoon.
Pokhara -Jomsom -Muktinath:
Beginning from Nayapul, the trail passes over the Ghorepani pass and descends
down to Kali Gandaki valley. Watching the dawn breaking over the Dhaulagiri
and Annapurna peaks from Ghorepani is one spectacular scene that you get
to witness on this trek. Once you reach Jomsom you can either continue
trekking to Muktinath or explore the villages around Jomsom. This is an
easy trek that can be done any time of the year except during monsoon.
Annapurna Base Camp Trek:
The route to the original Annapurna Base Camp was discovered by Maurice
Herzog and his team in 1950. The Annapurna Base Camp trek leads to a natural
amphitheater that is used as the base camp from which climbers start on
their way to conquer the Annapurna peak. The peak reaches 8091 meters above
sea level, and the base camp's altitude is 4130 meters above sea level.
The trek into the area below the massive south face of Annapurna, known
as the Annapurna Sanctuary, is one of the most popular treks in Nepal.
The trek begins in Pokhara and leads up through the breathtaking Modi Khola
gorge into the vast mountain ringed amphitheatre of the Sanctuary. The
trail passes through bamboo and rhododendron forests with superb views
of the Annapurna range. The high glacial basin is the site of the Annapurna
south face base camp. This is a classic trek, which allows access to the
high mountains of the Himalaya within a reasonable time frame. This trip
can be done anytime of the year except during monsoon.
Annapurna Circuit Trek:
It is a picturesque valley, first discovered in 1957 by Jimmy Roberts.
Ten peaks of 600-800m rises from it. Machhapuchhare looks breathtaking
from this viewpoint as also the south face of Annapurna. The Sanctuary
falls within the area managed by the Annapurna Conservation Area Project.
The Annapurna Circuit is the popular name for a 300 km trek in the Annapurna
mountain range. The trek reaches an altitude of 5,300m on the Thorung Lapass,
touching the edge of the fabled Tibetan plateau. The magnificent mountain
scenery, seen at close quarters includes Annapurna, Dhauligiri, and Machhupuchhare.
This is a moderate to challenging trek which sometime requires ascending
and descending the steep mountain path. This trek can be done anytime of
the year except during monsoon and winter when the Thorong pass gets blocked
by snow.
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